Ferry Flight

We fly by small plane to Chandler to pick up my helicopter.

I brought my helicopter down to Williams-Gateway Airport (KIWA, commonly known as “Willie” around here) in Chandler, AZ the other day. My Robinson mechanic, Kelly, is based there. There were a few things I wanted him to take care of before mid-month when all hell breaks loose and I spend more time in the pilot seat than the seat in front of my computer. I wrote about that ferry flight here.

Although I was perfectly willing to let Kelly keep the helicopter until my next big gig, I picked up two smaller gigs for the weekend. And since Mike needed to be at Sky Harbor by 9 AM on Saturday for a flight to San Diego, it made sense for me to drive him down in my Toyota “airport car,” leave the car at Willie, and fly back. That would get me back to Wickenburg in time for the first gig.

That was the plan, anyway.

Plan B

On Friday, Mike cancelled his plans to go to San Diego. I won’t go into why. It was supposed to be a day trip anyway, so it wasn’t a big deal. And his plane ticket, surprisingly, was fully refundable.

So I told him that he’d have to fly me down to Willie in his plane.

Mike's GrummanMike’s one of two partners on a 1974 (I think) Grumman Tiger. It’s a beautiful little plane, immaculately cared for by its previous owner and Mike and his partner. I don’t know anything about planes but when I show it to someone who does, they’re always impressed. (The photo here shows Mike and his mom in the plane at Wickenburg about a year and a half ago.)

Sadly, the thing has become a sort of “hangar queen,” spending all of its time in the hangar and very little of it in the air. In fact, I don’t think it flew more than 20 hours in the past 12 months.

Mike’s always saying that he doesn’t have time to fly. On Saturday morning, with his travel plans swept away, he did. And he had a destination, too.

But Mike had never flown into Willie, which was on the opposite corner of the Phoenix Class Bravo airspace from us. So he decided to ask our friend Ray, a Mooney pilot who has taken me to Willie at least twice, to come with us. Ray, who will take advantage of any excuse to fly — even as a passenger — agreed to come.

The Flight Down

Taking off from WickenburgI sat in the back for the flight down. I busied myself with using my Treo to take photos as the flight progressed, immediately sending them to my TumbleLog from the plane. I did that until the Treo decided it wasn’t going to take photos anymore. (I don’t know what caused the problem, but after syncing with my computer, it recovered. Go figure.) Unfortunately, the PowerShot I usually keep in my purse is at Canon being repaired — I seem to be camera challenged these days — so the photos end abruptly as we reached the Estrella Mountains.

The first thing we all noticed after takeoff was the thermal inversion. It was at least 10°F cooler on the ground in Wickenburg than it was 2000 feet up. Because it was early — around 7:30 AM — it wasn’t that hot yet, so the inversion didn’t bother us.

The flight was smooth. Mike did the flying. Ray did the navigating.

The Estrella MountainsRay never flies directly to Willie. He usually flies a roundabout route that takes us past Buckeye (due south of Wickenburg) around the south end of the Estrella Mountains, past the south side of Chandler Airport’s airspace (that’s CHD), and into Willie. Once we even went all the way down to Casa Grande and the Sanford VOR. I don’t care how we go, as long as we get there.

Since Ray was navigating, we took Ray’s route.

The flight was uneventful. I do wish I had some photos of the landing, however. The tower landed us on Runway 12R while a Cessna took off from Runway 30C. I never saw a tower do that before.

At Willie

Mike parked the plane right next to a large bizjet on the ramp in front of the terminal. A ramp guy came out as we started climbing out. He wanted to know how long we’d be there. Ten minutes, we assured him. Mike told he we’d come to pick up a helicopter.

“The red R44?” he asked.

I wondered how he knew but didn’t ask.

He escorted us into the terminal — everyone at Willie needs to be escorted if they don’t have an official ramp pass — and we made our way into the helicopter company’s office to pay my bill. Then we all walked to the hangar two buildings down where my helicopter was waiting. Unfortunately, the door to the interior of the hangar was locked and I didn’t have the combination for the keypad. At least I didn’t think I did. When we were unsuccessful at getting someone to open the door, I guessed at the combination. I got it right on the first try. Nothing like high security.

The helicopter company guy showed up as I was doing a quick preflight. Mike told him we were stealing the helicopter and I think he may have believed him for a moment. Then I produced the keys, which I’d gotten from the office, and finished up my preflight. Mike, the hangar guy, and I rolled it outside while Ray supervised. Then the hangar guy brought them back to Mike’s plane while I started the engine and warmed up.

The Race is On

Mike’s plane is faster than my helicopter. He can cruise at 130 knots, although he seldom flies faster than 110 or 120 knots. I can cruise at 110 knots, which I almost always do when I’m alone flying point to point. I suspected that I could beat them to Buckeye simply by taking a shorter route.

We’d both agreed to meet at Buckeye Airport, where fuel was about 50¢ a gallon cheaper than in Wickenburg. While I won’t usually fly out of my way to get a bargain on fuel, Buckeye was on one of my possible routes home — although I admit not the most direct. But I wasn’t going the way they were — around the south end of the Estrellas. I was going almost direct to Buckeye.

At Willie, helicopters use a different frequency to talk to the tower. I hover-taxiied to the edge of the Silver State ramp and requested a departure to the northwest. I immediately got clearance and took off. Mike was still on the ramp, engine running. I tuned into the frequency he’d use to talk to the tower — I didn’t know the ground frequency — and monitored it on my second comm. I was just exiting Willie’s airspace when I heard the tower clear him for departure. So I started with a 5 mile head start.

I was crossing I-10 north of Firebird Lake when the tower cleared him for a right turn. That put me at least 10 miles west of him.

The flight was uneventful. I flew south of South Mountain, crossed the Gila River, and passed over the top of the north end of the Estrellas. My route took me north of Chandler Airport and Stellar Airpark and south of Glendale and Goodyear Airports. I didn’t have to talk to a soul.

I tuned into Buckeye’s frequency early and made several attempts to raise Mike and Ray on the radio. I don’t know what frequency they were monitoring, but it wasn’t the one I was on.

There were jump planes at Buckeye, which is an active skydiving airport. I was coming in from the east, which is the side of the airport the jumpers land at. Hearing me on the radio worried the jump plane pilots. But I’m familiar with the operation and assured them I’d come in from north of I-10, thus avoiding the area completely. A jump plane taxiied into position for takeoff as the airport came into view. I landed on runway 17 moments after he departed and hover-taxiied to the fuel area.

Fueling at Buckeye

Buckeye has self-serve 100LL fuel, which is a good thing. It means you can get fuel 24 hours a day. It was partially because of this capability at Buckeye that I pushed Wickenburg so hard to get self-serve fuel when I ran the FBO there.

Unfortunately, the geniuses at Buckeye decided to shade the fuel pump with a shade structure about 10 feet tall. That’s right about the height of my main rotor blades. I have to get close enough for the hose to reach my fuel tanks but not close enough to hit the shade with my blades.

Once, in my R22, I didn’t park close enough. I had to restart the engine and move another two feet closer so the hose would reach.

So imagine this: I’m hover-taxiing into position at the fuel island. My main rotor blades are spinning at about 400 rpm. I’m moving forward very slowly about 3 feet off the ground, trying to estimate the distance between my blades and that damn shade. If the blades hit the shade, three things will happen: (1) ) my main rotor blades will be destroyed (and they cost $48K a pair), (2) the shade will be severely damaged, and (3) I will hit the ground hard and, if I’m unlucky, roll over and total the aircraft.

I got as close as I dared, set down, and started my shutdown procedure. When the blades came to a stop, I realized that I had about 10 feet to spare. And the hose does reach.

Next time I’m going to bring some paint with me and paint a mark on the pavement where my skid should line up.

I climbed out and went through the motions of introducing my credit card to the machine in the closet and telling it I wanted 30 gallons. Then I came out and did the pump thing. While I worked, a Cessna 172 landed and taxiied over to the ramp. Three big guys came out. One of them commented on the shade and the proximity of my main rotor blades to it.

I was finishing up when a flight instructor I know came out of the terminal building with a student. He told me that it’s very scary when helicopter flight students park at the pump because the wind kicks them around so much. He also said that the airport has an unpublished rule that says helicopters are supposed to park outside the fueling area, put wheels on, and roll into the area. That’s not an option for me, since I don’t carry ground handling wheels with me.

Mike and Ray landed a little while later. They parked on the ramp, since there’s only enough room at the fueling area for one aircraft and no one wants to park next to a helicopter.

Back to Wickenburg

I left Buckeye a short while later. One of the jump planes had come in for fuel and was waiting, engine running, on the ramp, effectively blocking my way. Since I won’t overfly other aircraft on departure, I had to go around him, over the dirt, to leave. I hope his window was open and that I blew a lot of dust in his cockpit. Jerk.

From Buckeye, I flew north, past new housing developments and into the open desert. I steered toward Vulture Peak, which I could clearly see in the distance. Wickenburg Airport is five miles north of this landmark, so aiming for it would take me directly home.

But when I reached the Hassayampa River, I got quite a surprise: there was water flowing in it. So I decided to make a detour and follow the river back to Wickenburg. I dropped down to about 150 AGL and followed the brown trickle northeast, curving to the left or right with the riverbed. I flew past people playing down there in 4WD trucks and quads and dirt bikes. I flew over a cow with a calf that couldn’t have been more than 3 days old. I flew past a bunch of people camping out in the sand. I climbed to cross power lines, then dropped back down as the riverbed approached the rocky hills of the Morristown area. When houses started lining the cliffs, I climbed up to a respectable 500 feet AGL and followed the river into town.

If you’re interested in what all this looks like on a chart, here’s one for you. The red line is my flight path, the blue one is Mike and Ray’s. I know the lines are kind of wiggly, but I just drew them using a trackpad. Wickenburg is the airport in the upper left corner, Buckeye is in the lower left corner, and Willie is in the lower-right corner.

Wickenburg to Willie

My passengers arrived in Wickenburg just as I did. We had a nice tour of the town and they got some great photos of their property from the air. By noon, both Mike’s plane and my helicopter were tucked away in their hangar and I was hard at work on Chapter 17 of my Leopard book.

Can YOUR Mouse Last 18 Years?

Jo’s did.

The call came early this morning. It was Jo, at the radio station.

“I was working on invoices on my Mac,” she told me. “And my mouse just died. Do you have a spare one?”

Mac IIciJo’s Mac is a Mac IIci. We’re talking a circa 1989 computer. She still uses it every day, with an Apple laser printer that’s equally ancient, to do the radio station’s invoicing.

Yes, that’s right: she’s using an 18-year-old computer daily to manage a radio station’s accounting.

We discussed the mouse’s problem. It was the clicker. It wasn’t clicking anymore. Not bad when you consider that she’s been clicking with it for 18 years.

I think she got her money’s worth.

Oddly enough, she didn’t buy the computer brand new. She used it when she worked at the local newspaper. They’d bought it brand new for their layout folks. As the layout folks got new computers, the old ones were shifted to other employees. Jo worked at the front desk and got this Mac IIci. When she retired, they sold it to her for a nominal price. So this is the computer’s third mission in its life.

I refuse to touch the computer. I figure that it’s lasted so long because no one has messed with it.

There’s an eMac with a G4 processor in the same room — I loaned it to them and installed it to do their WebCam and Internet broadcasting. She won’t touch it other than to periodically restart it when it gets confused and stops broadcasting.

Original Apple ADB MouseThe mouse she needed was an ADB mouse. ADB stands for Apple Desktop Bus. It’s the old interface for Apple computer mice and keyboards before Apple adopted the more universally used USB connections. Apple hasn’t made an ADB mouse for at least 10 years, so it wasn’t likely that she’d find one at Best Buys or Frys or even the Apple Store — all of which are in Phoenix, 40+ minutes away by car.

But Jo called the right person. You see, I’m one of those crazy people who keeps all that old computer stuff. I still own two SE/30s — one of which is in perfect working condition. Those computers use the same mice as Jo’s Mac IIci. So I opened up my big plastic storage box of old computer equipment, dug around for about three minutes, and pulled the mouse she needed out by its tail.

A half hour later, she was at my door, checking the clicker.

“Yes, this one still clicks,” she confirmed. She hugged me, then said quickly, “I don’t usually hug people, but I’m very happy about this.”

I was just happy that she’d come to pick it up and that I didn’t have to drive into town.

When They Say Flash Flood Warning…

They’re not kidding!

Okay, so I’ll eat my words.

Wash Flowing at 12:00 PMRight after my last post, when I claimed it would take at least an hour to get the wash flowing, the wash started to flow. It was a trickle at first — as it usually is — but by the time I went down to fetch the horses five minutes after this photo was taken, I had to walk through flowing water to reach them.

Wash FlowingIt was raining like hell at the time and I was wearing gym shorts with a rain jacket. I was dry from the waist up and soaking wet from the waist down. My legs were covered with the junk that had been floating in the water I had to wade through. I took this shot after going back up to the house for my camera. Here’s where the horses had been taking shelter from the rain. All that brownish gunk is floodwater with standing waves.

Wash Flowing at 12:35 PMA half hour after taking the first photo, I snapped this second one. It’s the same view plus a ton of muddy flowing water. The wash is flowing dangerously fast. In fact, anyone stupid enough to walk or drive into it would be swept away — as our garbage pails, neighbor’s fence, and horse feeders were. Those are drawbacks of having occasional waterfront property.

Wash FlowingIt got scary for a while. My neighbor’s horses live about 4 feet above the flood plain. But the water started making its way in. Soon, three of them were standing in about a foot of water. There was no one on that side of the wash to rescue them and I couldn’t cross over. Fortunately, they stayed calm. The water started to recede not long after I realized the danger.

As I type this, my neighbor is trying to rebuild his road with a Bobcat he has just for that purpose. I’m wondering how much fence is blocking the driveway under all that shifted sand and muck. Three Phoenix news helicopters are operating over town, video taping the receding floods. I’m starting to wonder why I’m not out there with them, getting a good view from my own helicopter.

It’s only 2:30 PM…maybe I will take a little flight…

Who Moved My Blackberry?

by Lucy Kellaway.

While on the plane from Phoenix to Newark the other day, I read Who Moved My Blackberry? by Lucy Kellaway. It was a quick read, primarily because the entire book was written as a series of e-mail messages, most of which were from the main character, Martin Lukes.

It was a great example of the writer’s principle of “show, don’t tell.” By reading Martin’s outgoing messages and a handful of incoming messages he received from others, I got an excellent idea of what Martin was like. He’s full of himself, a chauvinist, not too bright, overweight, a bit lazy, somewhat manipulative, and not very honest to the people around him — or himself. After the first 25 or so pages, was used to the writing style or e-mail as a storytelling device. As amazing as it may seem, the e-mail messages moved a definite story forward, with multiple plot lines. What’s even funnier, however, is that by reading Martin’s answers to e-mail messages he received that weren’t in the book, I knew what other people were thinking about him and got a pretty good idea of what they’d written.

The book is also a look at the corporate culture. Although the book takes place primarily in Martin’s workplace at a multinational corporation, it’s impossible to know what the company does or sells. Martin, a marketing executive, is mostly concerned with corporate branding and public relations. But even though the reader never learns what his company does all over the world, it doesn’t matter. And I think that says a lot for today’s corporations. A lot of the employees are just glorified paper-shufflers that could be working for any company selling any product or service.

The book was very good and I highly recommend it. I left it at my brother’s house for my sister-in-law, who works in Human Resources, to read. I think she’ll be able to identify with what goes on between the lines of all those e-mail messages.

Looking for a fun read? Give Who Moved My Blackberry? a try.

Could it Be? Monsoon Season?

Heat’s not enough. I want humidity and rain, too.

This morning, when I woke at 5:30 AM to the whistles of my parrot, I was surprised to see that Mike hadn’t opened the French door between our bedroom and the upstairs patio. He always opens it during the night this time of year. That’s the only time it’s cool.

But when I opened it, I realized why: it wasn’t cool. For the first time this season, the outside temperature remained in the 80s overnight. And that’s the first sign of what everyone in Arizona is waiting for this time of year: monsoon season.

A Monsoon? In the Desert?

Sure. I can’t make this stuff up.

Monsoon season in Arizona is marked by a number of meteorological events:

  • Dew point reaches at least 55°F for at least three days in a row. That’s the official indicator of the start of monsoon season in Phoenix. That means it gets humid outside. The “dry heat” isn’t so dry anymore.
  • The winds shift to bring moist air off the Sea of Cortez and Gulf of Mexico in a counterclockwise flow. This is why the storms, when they come to Wickenburg, come from the north or east during monsoon season.
  • My WebCamStorms build just about every afternoon. I can see them coming from my office window. (You can check out the WebCam image here; it’s usually available during daylight hours.) They’re isolated, severe thunderstorms, packed with high wind, lightning, and the occasional microburst.
  • It rains. That’s if we’re lucky. The clouds have lots of moisture, but if the ground is too dry, the rain dries up before it hits the ground, resulting in virga and, often, dust storms. But once monsoon season is underway, we get rain — although never enough of it to quench the thirst of our golf courses and swimming pools.
  • We get flash floods. That’s if we get enough rain all at once. A dry wash runs through our property and, with enough rain, it can turn into a raging river. For about an hour. Then it’s just a wet riverbed that, within 24 hours, turns dry again.

Want more info, you can get it here, here, and here.

And this is what most Arizonans are waiting for.

My Monsoons

I’ve experienced Arizona monsoons in three different places over the years.

Wickenburg
I’ve lived in Wickenburg for ten years now, and although I’ve been wanting to escape, like the snowbirds, in the summertime, I haven’t usually been able to. That means I’ve lived through a good bunch of monsoon seasons.

My office has always faced the mountains to the north (even when it was in a condo I own downtown). I’d be sitting at my desk, working away, occasionally glancing up out the window. I’d see the storm clouds building over the Bradshaw and Weaver Mountains, making their way southwest toward Wickenburg. The sky would get dark out there — while it remained sunny at my house — and lightning would flash. If the storm reached us before sunset, we were in for it. But in too many instances, the storm was just too slow and got to us after the sun set. Then it was a 50-50 chance that we’d get some storm activity — including welcome rain — before the storm dissipated.

Sometimes, the storms moved in more quickly — probably more moisture in the air. In those cases, we’d get a storm in the afternoon. What a treat! I’d stand under the overhang by my front door or on the patio at the condo and listen to the rain fall. Sometimes, if it looked rainy enough to get the washes flowing, I’d jump in my Jeep and head out into the desert, looking for a stream where streams don’t normally appear. I don’t drive through these — mind you — that’s dangerous. I just watch all that flowing water, remembering what it was like to live in a place where flowing water is a lot more common than dry streambeds.

On very rare occasions, a storm would move in just before dawn. I can’t remember this happening more than a few times, though. One time, it was the morning I was supposed to report back for work at the Grand Canyon, where I was flying helicopter tours. I had planned to take my helicopter up — the 1-1/2 hour flight sure beat the 3-1/2 hour drive. But with a thunderstorm sitting on top of Wickenburg, flying up was not a safe option. So I had to drive. I left two hours earlier than I would have and still got to work an hour late.

If you want to read more about the monsoon in Wickenburg, I recommend Lee Pearson’s excellent article for wickenburg-az.com, “The Monsoon Is Near“. It includes links to video footage he’s made available online.

Grand Canyon
In the summer of 2004, I worked as tour pilot at the Grand Canyon. I flew Long Ranger helicopters over the canyon 10 to 14 times a day on a 7 on/7 off schedule from April through the end of September.

My introduction to monsoon season came on my return from a flight in July. The storms had built up and were moving in toward the airport. I was about 5 miles out when a bolt of lightning came out of the sky less than 1/4 mile from where I was flying and struck the top of a Ponderosa pine tree. The treetop exploded into flames. I got on the radio, on our company frequency, and said, “It’s lightning out here. It just hit a tree about a quarter mile away from me.” The Chief Pilot’s voice came on and said, “Better get used to it.”

When you learn to fly, they teach you the danger of flying near thunderstorms. They advise you to stay at least 20 miles away. 20 miles! So you can imagine my surprise when I realized that the tour company had no qualms about continuing flight in the vicinity of thunderstorms.

And they were right — it didn’t seem to be dangerous at all. The storms were all localized — you could see them coming and usually fly around them if they were in your way. The rule we used was that if you could see through the rain, you could fly through it. Although it occasionally got a little bumpy, there were no serious updrafts or downdrafts. And although we were told that if things ever got too rough during a flight, we could land until the storm passed, I never had to. (Thus passing up my only opportunity to legally land a helicopter inside the Grand Canyon.)

The Grand Canyon with CloudsI do recall one other monsoon-related incident, though. The company I worked for had about ten helicopters on duty to do flights. Because of this, the company was very popular with tour companies, which would bus large groups of foreign tourists to the airport for helicopter flights. These flights were booked years in advance, so the company always knew when they’d need all helicopters to fly for a single group. One of these groups arrived late in the day during August. Nine other pilots and I were sitting out on our helipads, engines running, blades spinning, when the bus pulled up. Moments later, the loaders were bringing groups of five and six Japanese tourists to the helipads and loading us up.

It had been stormy most of the afternoon, with isolated thunderstorms drifting across the canyon. Farther out to the east, a controlled burn was sending low clouds of smoke our way. At the airport, however, the visibility was fine. We were scheduled to do a tour on the west side of the canyon, in the Dragon Corridor. One by one, we took off and headed west, making a long line of ten helicopters, all going the same way.

I was about six back from the front and could see we had a problem about five miles short of the rim. The north end of the Dragon Corridor was completely socked in with low clouds and falling rain. We couldn’t see across the canyon.

The lead helicopter announced on the company frequency that he was going to switch to an east canyon tour. He made a 180° turn. One by one, we all announced the same intentions and followed him. Now we were all heading back to the airport. We got permission from the tower to transition to the east, crossed about 1/2 mile south of the airport, and continued on.

Now we were in the smokey area. It wasn’t bad. Not yet, anyway. We crossed over the canyon and my passengers let out the usual oohs and ahs. And we proceeded to do the east canyon tour, which was reserved for weather situations because it normally ran about 35 minutes (and our passengers paid for a 25 minute tour). Of course, with the initial false start, their tours would be 45 minutes long.

The thing about flying at the Grand Canyon is that you have to stay on established routes. The only time I’d ever done that route was in training four months before, so I really wasn’t too clear on where I was supposed to go. Fortunately, there was a helicopter about 1/2 mile in front of me to follow. Unfortunately, the weather was closing in. It started to rain and visibility got tough. I focused on the other helicopter’s strobe light and followed it back across the canyon to the rim. Then I lost it in the smoke.

I pointed the helicopter in the direction I thought the airport might be and flew as if I knew where I was going. About a mile out, I saw the tower and other landmarks. I was only about a half mile off course. I landed safely, my passengers got out, and I shut down for the day.

I used to ask the Chief Pilot why we flew scenic tours in weather like that. His response: “If they’re willing to pay for it and it’s safe, why not?”

Howard Mesa
Howard Mesa is a mesa north of Williams and south of the Grand Canyon. It stands 300 feet above the Colorado Plateau. Our vacation property, with its camping shed, is at the very top of the mesa, with 360° views stretching out for 50 to 100 miles, depending on sky and dust conditions.

In the summer of 2005, I spent about a month at Howard Mesa, preparing our camping shed for its future duties. I lived in our old horse trailer with living quarters, a cramped space that was fine for one person, a dog, and a parrot. Mike came up on weekends to help out and escape Wickenburg’s heat.

Monsoon season atop Howard Mesa is a real treat. The clouds start building at around 11 AM and, because you can see in every direction, you can monitor their progress as they move across the desert. By 1 or 2 PM (at the latest), you can see rain (or virga) falling somewhere. This is where you can really get an idea of the individual storms because you can see them all, individually. I took this shot one afternoon around sunset. The view is out to the northwest. The mountain you see in silhouette is Mount Trumbull on the Arizona strip, 80+ miles away.

Monsoon Rain

The great thing about the monsoon up north is that when the rain comes, the temperature drops at least 20°F. I remember one day doing some work around our place in the morning. The temperature was in the 90s, which is pretty hot for up there. I was wearing a pair of gym shorts and a tank top. I hopped in the truck and drove down to Williams to do some laundry and shopping. While I was there, a storm moved in. In minutes, the temperature dropped down to the 50s. Needless to say, I nearly froze my butt off.

Of course, there’s also hail up there. Some friends of mine were on top Bill Williams Mountain south of Williams one summer day when a storm moved in. The golf ball-sized hail that fell did some serious damage to their car. And the fear of hail like that is what keeps me from leaving my helicopter at Howard Mesa, unprotected in the summertime. Rotor blades cost $48K a pair.

This Year’s Monsoon

Anyway, it looks like this weekend might be the start of the 2007 Monsoon Season here in Arizona. I’m hoping for lots and lots of rain — we really need it. And I’ll try to share some photos throughout the season. Sadly, I think all my old monsoon season photos were lost in my big hard disk crash earlier this year.