Glue? In a Silversmithing Video?

I vent a little about people who should know better showing junk jewelry shortcuts in their jewelry-making videos.

I watch a lot of videos about making jewelry. I must have seen hundreds of them by now. Most were on YouTube, but I’ve also purchased in depth jewelry making videos on DVD or streaming services. I learn a lot from these and they can inspire me.

My favorite jewelry makers on YouTube

Want a few suggestions for getting started? Here are my top 5 favorite jewelry makers on YouTube:

  • Soham Harrison. Soham makes no-nonsense videos that really teach techniques. His camera setup isn’t fancy but it does the job. Lots of his videos are great projects for beginners, but there’s some advanced stuff, too. Soham is based in Australia but his accent is American.
  • Online Jewelry Academy. This one uses a set to record videos on a wide range of topics. The host, Professor John Ahr, is knowledgeable and a little weird. Lots of great videos for beginners here.
  • Andrew Berry. Andrew Berry is another jeweler who teaches jewelry making. His videos cover a wide range of topics. I believe he’s based in the UK.
  • Estona Metalsmithing. I recently discovered this channel and have watched quite a few of her videos. She seems to be making an effort to build up her subscriber base with quality tutorials. There’s a great beginner’s series and a bunch of other videos that go beyond the basic. She’s based in the Netherlands and speaks with a heavy accent, but her English is perfect. Just be aware that her terminology doesn’t always match the terms we use here.
  • Rio Grande. Rio is a jewelry making supplier and they’ve got a bunch of videos that teach techniques, many of which are related to items they sell. While some are strictly marketing videos, there’s lot of good how-to material, too.

Before I go any further, however, I need to warn wannabe jewelry makers that there are a lot of crap videos out there. Videos that show you how to make junk jewelry or videos made by people who obviously don’t know what they’re doing and make videos out of their experiments. I also occasionally have trouble with the personalities (or voices, even) of some of the video makers. I have zero tolerance for people who spend more time talking about how smart they are than actually showing you how to make something great. And that woman who talks like Cindy Lauper? Sorry. I just can’t keep tuning in. So although I encourage you to watch videos to learn, be prepared to wade through a lot of crap to find gold.

All that said, yesterday I watched a video from Durango Silver, which is a well-known turquoise and jewelry seller seller based in Durango, CO. The video covered making a basic gemstone pendant and although I’ve seen dozens of videos on that topic and have made many of my own, I checked it out, hoping to learn a few new tricks.

The guy who was making the piece — John — definitely had experience and knowledge. His narration was better than average, but far from perfect — for example, he occasionally used the wrong word for something or left sentences unfinished as he was working. It amazed me when he started talking about how much he loved a particular pair of pliers, pointing out that they were made in Pakistan (like 75% of jewelry making tools) and struggling to get the name Wubbers out with a laugh. Why did that amaze me? Well, Wubbers is generally recognized as a quality brand of tool and I really think he should have been familiar with the name.

The camera work was excellent. Most videos are one-person affairs where the camera sits on a tripod that may or may not be in the best position; this video had a camera guy who did a great job staying focused (literally and figuratively) on what we needed to see.

The video was long — 50+ minutes — and I watched it on my new bedroom TV setup. That means I fell asleep before he was done. (I cannot read or watch TV in a horizontal position without falling asleep.) In the morning, however, I finished watching it on my iPad while I had breakfast. I did learn something — a new (to me) technique for attaching a bail — and, because of this, I consider watching the video time well spent.

Stick Soldering
Screen capture from the video showing John soldering the bezel and a jump ring to the back plate. One of the things I learned in this video was a new (to me) technique for using a jump ring to connect a pendant bail. He also demonstrated stick soldering, which I’ve seen a few times but haven’t tried yet.

That is, until I got to the end. You see, John was creating a bezel setting for a cabochon. A bezel is a strip of thin metal — silver, in this case — that is formed to fit the stone and soldered onto a back plate. When all the soldering and polishing is done, the very last step is to fit the stone into the prepared bezel and use a variety of tools to bend the top edge of the metal down around the stone to hold it in place. This is a standard bezel setting technique. Look it up, take a class, watch a bunch of bezel set videos and 99% of them will show you this correct way.

The video started going off the rails for me when John reached for a coffee mug full of sawdust and put some into the bottom of the finished piece, under where the stone would go. Sawdust. A wood product. In a piece of sterling silver jewelry.

Sawdust in a Bezel
Here’s another screen grab from the video. This one shows the layer of sawdust at the bottom of the bezel.

He then put the stone on top of it. The sawdust’s job was to raise the stone a bit so the bezel wouldn’t come up too high on the stone.

Let me take a moment to explain how getting the bezel the right height for the stone is usually done. There are two techniques to choose from:

  • Before shaping and soldering the bezel, cut it to the right height. This is the correct way to do this. It’s a pain in the ass because you’re normally only trimming off a millimeter or two and it’s important to make a good, level cut. If your cut is bad, you can level it out with sandpaper after soldering it closed.
  • Put something under the stone to raise it. Folks who do this normally use some sort of material that will not decay in any way. Tiny cut up pieces of credit cards are popular. I have, in the past, used copper sheet cut to size. (I once made a pair of earrings with bezel set cabochons and although the stones matched in appearance, one was definitely thicker than the other; I used copper under the thinner one to make it match its mate.) I’ve never seen anyone use a biodegradable product like sawdust.

Okay. So this guy used sawdust. He called it “jeweler’s sawdust.” I’ve never seen it before — and I’ve shopped at a lot of jewelry supply sites and stores. Maybe that’s acceptable in the business? I didn’t know but I also wasn’t going to switch.

What he did next, however, floored me. He pulled out a bottle of liquid glue and, using the needle-tip applicator, glued the stone into the bezel.

Glue
He called that stuff “superglue.”

I screamed at my iPad: “Not glue! Don’t fuck it up with glue!

Of course, he kept gluing. I turned it off. I couldn’t bear to watch him permanently affix, with “superglue,” a beautiful cabochon to a very nice sterling silver setting and the sawdust beneath it with glue.

(I later watched the end. He did use a bezel setting tool to close up the bezel over the stone. But why the glue? Ugh.)

Later, I went back to look at the comments people had left on the video. Everyone loved it. Half of them said that they’d been wanting to try something like this and now they thought they were ready to do it.

I was horrified. He was teaching new jewelry makers a lazy way to do a bezel setting. A way that allowed makers to rely on glue instead of design and skills to set the stone.

But what was worse was that he was showing me that the jewelry made and sold by Durango Silver is likely held together with glue rather than the skill of the jewelry artist.

I guess the moral of the story is this: don’t just watch one video about how to do something. Watch a bunch. Pay attention to the details. If there’s a technique that most of the video makers are using, maybe it’s the right technique.

With very few exceptions, glue has no place in fine jewelry.

B&S Gauge Thicknesses, Saw Blades, and Drill Bits

Another handy chart for jewelry makers.

The other day, I published a chart of Minimum Metal Gauges for making jewelry. I’d made the chart for my own use, based on information I got from the Rio Grande website.

But what I’ve really wanted for a long while was a single chart that listed B&S gauge sizes, the corresponding measurements in millimeters and inches, and the correct jeweler’s saw blade and drill bit sizes for each gauge. For some reason, I could not find all of this information on one chart anywhere.

So I made one by combining information from the Contenti and Livingston Jewelers websites. Here’s the result:

Thicknesses, blades, and bits
This is the chart I’ve been looking for! In the end, I had to make it myself from multiple sources of information.

You can download this chart as a PDF from my public Dropbox folder.

Keep in mind that although I do have a set of jeweler’s drill bits, I don’t use them. Instead, I have a set of bits in various fractional mm sizes — I pick the drill bit I need from that set because I can get a much closer drill bit size for my needs.

Minimum Metal Gauges

A handy chart for choosing metals for jewelry making.

My “day job” may be flying helicopters, but I moonlight as a jewelry artist. I’m constantly looking for reference materials to help me choose the right tools and materials for making jewelry. I find charts extremely handy since I can print them out and attach them to a wall beside my jewelry making bench in my shop. No need to rely on my memory since the chart is right there.

I stumbled upon one on the Rio Grande website recently. It was almost what I needed. I modified it to add information I needed and remove metals I don’t work with. (I only work with sterling, Argentium, and Fine silver and copper.) Here’s the result:

Recommended Metal Gauges
Table of metal gauges. “NR” means not recommended.

You can download a copy in PDF format from my public Dropbox.

If you find posts about jewelry making interesting, please take a moment to leave a comment and let me know. Thanks!

The Gallery Exhibit

I submit 10 pieces of jewelry to a gallery’s “Gems and Geology Holiday Gift Show.”

I’ve come a long way since I started making jewelry — mostly wire-framed pendants — with rocks. Over time, I’ve stepped up my game by taking classes and trying new techniques. The results are promising. And encouraging.

My friend Cyndi told me about a special exhibit at a gallery we both sell our work at. (Cyndi makes metal art; you can find it on Etsy.) The theme was Gems and Geology, which is pretty much what my jewelry is all about. Although I’d missed the first deadline — intent to submit with digital samples — I wrote to them anyway. I got an enthusiastic response:

We’d love to have your work in our show! … This is just the type of work we were hoping for! I am so glad you reached out.

Whew!

I got to work making pieces that I thought would be appropriate for a real gallery show. I already knew that this particular gallery did not like my wire work, mostly because it simply doesn’t sell there. (Oddly, it sells remarkably well at another gallery in Ellensburg; go figure.) That meant prong and bezel settings, which I was just starting to get comfortable doing.

I made the mistake early on of sharing a photo of one of my pieces on Twitter. Someone wanted to buy it. While I love selling jewelry, I was really hoping to send that one to the gallery. Still, I had plenty of time to make a replacement and I did.

I finished making the 10 pieces two days ago. I spent this morning photographing them for publicity materials. I figured I may as well share the photos here, too.

Labradorite Pendant
Labradorite bezel and prong set on textured, reclaimed silver. Black leather cord with sterling clasp. (Learn more about my reclaimed silver in this blog post.)

Kona Dolomite Pendant
Kona Dolomite prong set on polished Argentium silver. Sterling silver chain. (This was not made specifically for the show but meets the requirements.)

Crazy Lace Agate
Crazy Lace Agate bezel and prong set on textured Argentium silver. Black leather cord with sterling clasp. (This was not made specifically for the show but meets the requirements.)

Azurite and Malachite Pendant
Azurite and Malachite bezel set on textured reclaimed silver. Sterling silver chain.

Brazilian Agate Pendant
Brazilian Agate prong set on textured reclaimed silver. Sterling silver chain.

Montana Moss Agate Pendant
Montana Moss Agate prong set on a textured sterling silver frame. Sterling silver chain.

Turquoise Pendant
Two genuine turquoise cabochons prong set on textured and hinged copper. Black silk cord with hand-formed copper clasp. (This was not made specifically for the show but meets the requirements.)

Kingman Turquoise with Spiny Oyster Shell Pendant
Kingman Turquoise and Orange Spiny Oyster Shell with bronze prong set in textured sterling silver. Sterling silver chain. (This was not made specifically for the show but meets the requirements.)

African Queen Jasper Set
African Queen Jasper bezel set in copper for earrings and a pendant. Black leather cord with sterling silver clasp for pendant; hypo-allergenic niobium ear wires for earrings. This is my current “masterpiece.”

Malachite Set
Malachite prong set on textured reclaimed silver with malachite bead earrings. Sterling silver chain; sterling silver ear wires.

Keep in mind that none of these are currently available for sale. If you want them, you’ll need to go to Confluence Gallery in Twisp, WA between November 28 and January 9. (Twisp is actually a great destination in the winter, especially for cross-country skiing. The Methow Valley has hundreds of miles of well-groomed cross-country skiing and snowshoeing trails and was my Christmas destination before I started going south for the winter.)

If you like what you see here, you’ll probably like some of the jewelry in my Etsy store. Go check it out!

Saving Money by Recycling Your Own Scrap Silver

It’s like getting silver sheet for 1/3 off the price.

I use a lot of silver when I make jewelry: fine (100%) silver, sterling (92.5%) silver, and Argentium (93.5%) silver. Although I used to work primarily with silver wire, I’ve begun doing more with sheets of silver. I generally use 22 gauge sheet to make pendants and 26 gauge to make earrings.

The Cost of Metal

As I type this, I can buy 22 gauge sterling silver sheet for $4.36 per square inch. That price varies wildly — just a few months ago it was about 30% less. More recently, it was about 10% more. You can track precious metal prices online in a bunch of places, but I track it on the Rio Grande website, since that’s where I buy my metals.

Silver Prices
Here’s a chart of the silver prices, which went nuts back in June 2020. It looks like it’s settling down now. You can track metal prices at the Rio Grande website.

The price I pay is a combination of market price (as shown in the graph above) and the type of processing applied to the metal. Sheet metal will cost more per ounce than just plain old lumps of silver. After all, the folks doing the processing have to get paid for their work, no? That’s value added pricing.

The Value of Scrap

Rio Grande has a scrap metal program that will take my scrap silver and pay me 85% of market value for it. So if I send them an ounce of fine silver and the current market price is $24/ounce, they’ll pay me $20.40/ounce. The values are different, of course, for sterling and Argentium. They do gold and platinum, too, but I don’t use much gold or any platinum in my work (yet) because of the crazy high price.

I’ve taken advantage of the recycling program at least twice. I save every single scrap of silver and try hard to keep the fine silver separate from the alloys. When in doubt about a scrap, I throw it in with the alloys. The first time, I got about $50 back. The second time I had more scrap and got over $100 back. I take it as a credit on my account because I generally spend well over $1,000 on metals every year anyway.

Recycling My Own Scrap

The first step was to prep the crucible. I posted this video on Twitter to share the sound of the cooling crucible.

Recently, however, I watched a few “YouTube University” videos that showed jewelers making their own wire and sheet from scrap. To do this, I’d need a good, hot torch (which I already had), a small crucible, a mold, and some borax (which I already had). I decided to give it a try. Invested about $40 in the equipment I didn’t have and started melting silver.

Ingot
My second try at an ingot.

It wasn’t as easy as it looked in the video — what else is new, right? — but I did manage to get a decent little ingot on my second try. (I melted down the first try so no loss.)

Malachite Pendant
The backing for this malachite cabochon was made with silver I recycled.

I rolled it through my rolling mill, periodically annealing it to soften it back up, and got it down to a sheet roughly between 21 and 22 gauge. I textured the resulting piece, then cut out a shape for a backing plate for a cabochon pendant. I added prongs and a hole for a bail, cleaned and polished the piece, and set the stone. It looked great (if I do say so myself).

The interesting thing about my recycled silver is that it’s a higher percentage of fine silver than Sterling (92.5%), but not nearly as high as fine silver (100%). Because it also contains some Argentium (93.5%), it might have some of the tarnish resistance properties of that alloy. Legally, I can stamp it 925 because that’s the minimum purity of the piece.

Doing the Math

Yesterday, I made two more ingots. It took quite a while because I was aiming for larger ingots and, for the second one, was trying to melt larger pieces of scrap. I actually had to stop and refill my torch to get the job done.

Ingots
Here are the two ingots I made yesterday. They weigh at least an ounce each. The darker one has been through the rolling mill about 20 times and is dark because it’s freshly annealed in this photo. The larger ingot has not been rolled at all yet.

I started wondering whether it was really worth the effort. So this morning, I did the math.

Suppose I want 22 gauge sterling silver sheet. I looked up the price on Rio Grande, where I would buy it, and came up with the number $4.36/square inch or $31.14/ounce. (Remember the added value of turning silver into sheet.)

Now let’s look at how much I’d get back from Rio if I recycled an ounce of silver. With a current market price of $24/ounce and a rate of 85%, I’d get $20.40/ounce. Because a square inch of 22 gauge silver weighs .14 ounces, the refund would equate to $2.86/square inch.

In summary:

Descriptionper sq inper oz
Cost of of 22 gauge silver bought new$4.36$31.14
Value of equivalent amount of recycled silver$2.86$20.40
Amount I save by recycling my own silver$1.50$10.74

Of course, it’s even more cost effective to recycle my own silver now that Rio Grande has instituted a $50 recycling fee (beginning October 15, 2020). This makes it completely impractical to send my silver back to them — I’d never have enough silver to make this worthwhile. In hindsight, it’s a good thing that I learned how to make ingots before this fee came into effect. I’m ready for it.